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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kə̑šaŋam | om kə̑šaŋ |
| 2SG: | kə̑šaŋat | ot kə̑šaŋ |
| 3SG: | kə̑šaŋeš | ok/ogeš kə̑šaŋ |
| 1PL: | kə̑šaŋə̑na | ona/ogə̑na kə̑šaŋ |
| 2PL: | kə̑šaŋə̑da | oda/ogə̑da kə̑šaŋ |
| 3PL: | kə̑šaŋə̑t | ogə̑t kə̑šaŋ |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kə̑šaŋə̑m | šə̑m kə̑šaŋ |
| 2SG: | kə̑šaŋə̑č́ | šə̑č́ kə̑šaŋ |
| 3SG: | kə̑šaŋe | ə̑š kə̑šaŋ |
| 1PL: | kə̑šaŋna | ə̑šna kə̑šaŋ |
| 2PL: | kə̑šaŋda | ə̑šda kə̑šaŋ |
| 3PL: | kə̑šaŋə̑č́ | ə̑št kə̑šaŋ |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kə̑šaŋə̑nam | kə̑šaŋə̑n omə̑l |
| 2SG: | kə̑šaŋə̑nat | kə̑šaŋə̑n otə̑l |
| 3SG: | kə̑šaŋə̑n | kə̑šaŋə̑n ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | kə̑šaŋə̑nna | kə̑šaŋə̑n onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | kə̑šaŋə̑nda | kə̑šaŋə̑n odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | kə̑šaŋə̑nə̑t | kə̑šaŋə̑n ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kə̑šaŋam ə̑l'e | om kə̑šaŋ ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kə̑šaŋat ə̑l'e | ot kə̑šaŋ ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kə̑šaŋeš ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš kə̑šaŋ ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kə̑šaŋə̑na ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na kə̑šaŋ ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kə̑šaŋə̑da ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da kə̑šaŋ ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kə̑šaŋə̑t ə̑l'e | ogə̑t kə̑šaŋ ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kə̑šaŋam ulmaš | om kə̑šaŋ ulmaš |
| 2SG: | kə̑šaŋat ulmaš | ot kə̑šaŋ ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kə̑šaŋeš ulmaš | ok/ogeš kə̑šaŋ ulmaš |
| 1PL: | kə̑šaŋə̑na ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na kə̑šaŋ ulmaš |
| 2PL: | kə̑šaŋə̑da ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da kə̑šaŋ ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kə̑šaŋə̑t ulmaš | ogə̑t kə̑šaŋ ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kə̑šaŋə̑nam ə̑l'e | kə̑šaŋə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kə̑šaŋə̑nat ə̑l'e | kə̑šaŋə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kə̑šaŋə̑n ə̑l'e | kə̑šaŋə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kə̑šaŋə̑nna ə̑l'e | kə̑šaŋə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kə̑šaŋə̑nda ə̑l'e | kə̑šaŋə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kə̑šaŋə̑nə̑t ə̑l'e | kə̑šaŋə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kə̑šaŋə̑nam ulmaš | kə̑šaŋə̑n omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | kə̑šaŋə̑nat ulmaš | kə̑šaŋə̑n otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kə̑šaŋə̑n ulmaš | kə̑šaŋə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | kə̑šaŋə̑nna ulmaš | kə̑šaŋə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | kə̑šaŋə̑nda ulmaš | kə̑šaŋə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kə̑šaŋə̑nə̑t ulmaš | kə̑šaŋə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | kə̑šaŋ | it kə̑šaŋ |
| 3SG: | kə̑šaŋže | ə̑nže kə̑šaŋ |
| 1PL: | (kə̑šaŋə̑na) | (ona/ogə̑na kə̑šaŋ) |
| 2PL: | kə̑šaŋza | ida kə̑šaŋ |
| 3PL: | kə̑šaŋə̑št | ə̑nə̑št kə̑šaŋ |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kə̑šaŋnem | ə̑nem kə̑šaŋ |
| 2SG: | kə̑šaŋnet | ə̑net kə̑šaŋ |
| 3SG: | kə̑šaŋneže | ə̑než kə̑šaŋ |
| 1PL: | kə̑šaŋnena | ə̑nena kə̑šaŋ |
| 2PL: | kə̑šaŋneda | ə̑neda kə̑šaŋ |
| 3PL: | kə̑šaŋnešt | ə̑nešt kə̑šaŋ |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kə̑šaŋnem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem kə̑šaŋ ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kə̑šaŋnena ə̑l'e | ə̑net kə̑šaŋ ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kə̑šaŋneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než kə̑šaŋ ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kə̑šaŋnena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena kə̑šaŋ ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kə̑šaŋneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda kə̑šaŋ ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kə̑šaŋnešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt kə̑šaŋ ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | kə̑šaŋnet ulmaš | ə̑net kə̑šaŋ ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kə̑šaŋneže ulmaš | ə̑než kə̑šaŋ ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | kə̑šaŋneda ulmaš | ə̑neda kə̑šaŋ ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kə̑šaŋnešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt kə̑šaŋ ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | kə̑šaŋaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | kə̑šaŋman |
| Active participle: | kə̑šaŋše |
| Passive participle: | kə̑šaŋme |
| Future-necessitive participle: | kə̑šaŋšaš |
| Negative participle: | kə̑šaŋdə̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | kə̑šaŋə̑n |
| Negative gerund: | kə̑šaŋde |
| Gerund of prior action: | kə̑šaŋmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | kə̑šaŋmeš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | kə̑šaŋšə̑la |
| Nominalization: | kə̑šaŋmaš |
| Negative nominalization: | kə̑šaŋdə̑maš |
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| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||